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Automated Athens

Ancient Greek Ideals in the Early Age of Automation

Automated Athens

Ancient Greek Ideals in the Early Age of Automation

A critical history of the recurring idea that technology will free us from work and bring about a truly democratic society.

In popular thought, ancient Athens endures as a place ahead of its time—the birthplace of democracy, a cultural center, and a model toward which modern societies should strive. In Automated Athens, Michele Kennerly examines the many and frequent appeals to this nostalgic vision of the ancient city-state throughout the early age of computerized automation. In the mid-twentieth century, people hoped that automation would free us from mindless, dehumanizing work so that we could attend to creative and communal pursuits. Proponents appealed to ancient Athens, saying automated systems and machines would stand in for the craftsmen, enslaved people, and subordinated women who performed the undesirable work that enabled that city-state’s flourishing. Automated Athens scrutinizes this appeal as it moves chronologically into present debates about the promise of automation and AI. For Kennerly, our inability to settle debates about where accelerating automation may take us, especially politically, reveals a deeper cultural indecisiveness about how to live well and live well together.


224 pages | 3 halftones | 6 x 9 | © 2026

Ancient Studies

Philosophy: Political Philosophy

Rhetoric and Communication

Reviews

Automatic Athens provides an ingenious account of how classical ideals were used in the development of computing technologies. As utopian fantasies continue to excuse ever-greater inequity, domination, and hubris, Kennerly reminds us that the more democracy is at risk, the greater the value of the classical legacy.”

Robert Hariman, Northwestern University

“In this innovative study, Kennerly tracks references to classical Athenian democracy in mid-twentieth-century writings about technology and casts a fascinating light on ideas about labor and leisure, democracy and enslavement, the human and the machine. Anyone interested in the intersections of technology and liberal education today will find this book essential.”

Susan C. Jarratt, University of California, Irvine

“Kennerly offers a masterful tour through the many ways that ancient Athens has been invoked as a model for addressing the effects of technology in democratic culture. Her deft and lively readings provide vital resources for our democracy, struggling under oligarchic pressure. Meticulous and provocative, learned and accessible, committed to the history of ideas and also to contemporary relevance, Automated Athens is an essential text.”

Robert E. Terrill, Indiana University Bloomington

Table of Contents

Introduction. Athens Appeals

1. Why Plato Is Missing (Norbert Wiener)

2. Athens Emerges in the Age of Automation (Hannah Arendt)

3. Athens as Inspiration for Cybercultural Eutopia (Alice Mary Hilton)

4. Extensions into Past and Future Time

5. Aristotle’s Line on Automation

6. Aristotle as Opener and Closer in the Twenty-First Century

Conclusion. What Are We Waiting For?

Acknowledgments

Notes

Bibliography

Index

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