Gandhi and the Stoics
Modern Experiments on Ancient Values
9780226768823
Gandhi and the Stoics
Modern Experiments on Ancient Values
“Was Gandhi a philosopher? Yes.” So begins this remarkable investigation of the guiding principles that motivated the transformative public acts of one of the top historical figures of the twentieth century. Richard Sorabji, continuing his exploration of the many connections between South Asian thought and ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, brings together in this volume the unlikely pairing of Mahatma Gandhi and the Stoics, uncovering a host of parallels that suggests a deep affinity spanning the two millennia between them.
While scholars have long known Gandhi’s direct Western influences to be Platonic and Christian, Sorabji shows how a look at Gandhi’s convergence with the Stoics works mutually, throwing light on both of them. Both emphasized emotional detachment, which provided a necessary freedom, a suspicion of universal rules of conduct that led to a focus not on human rights but human duties—the personally determined paths each individual must make for his or her self. By being indifferent, paradoxically, both the Stoics and Gandhi could love manifoldly. In drawing these links to the fore, Sorabji demonstrates the comparative consistency of Gandhi’s philosophical ideas, isolating the specific ideological strengths that were required to support some of the most consequential political acts and experiments in how to live.
240 pages | 3 halftones | 6 x 9 | © 2012
Asian Studies: South Asia
Philosophy: General Philosophy, History and Classic Works
Reviews
Table of Contents
List of illustrations
Acknowledgments
List of abbreviations
Introduction. Gandhi’s use of Platonic, Christian, and Stoic values: reinterpretation, experimentation, and mere convergence
1. Emotional detachment: how to square it with love of family and all humans in the Stoics and Gandhi
2. Emotional detachment: how to square it with politics in the Stoics and Gandhi
3. Gandhi’s individual freedom, and Isaiah Berlin on Zeno’s—sour grapes?
4. Nonviolence as universal love: origins and Gandhi’s supplements to Tolstoy—dilemmas, successes, and failures
5. From universal love to human rights?
6. Persona and svadharma: is duty universalizable or unique to the individual?
7. Hesitations about general rules in morality
8. Moral conscience
9. Restrictions on private property in Gandhi, Christianity, Plato, and the Stoics
10. Isaiah Berlin’s Stoic revolution: depoliticization
11. Gandhi’s philosophical credentials, his lapses, and his distance from other philosophers
Select Bibliography
Index
Acknowledgments
List of abbreviations
Introduction. Gandhi’s use of Platonic, Christian, and Stoic values: reinterpretation, experimentation, and mere convergence
1. Emotional detachment: how to square it with love of family and all humans in the Stoics and Gandhi
2. Emotional detachment: how to square it with politics in the Stoics and Gandhi
3. Gandhi’s individual freedom, and Isaiah Berlin on Zeno’s—sour grapes?
4. Nonviolence as universal love: origins and Gandhi’s supplements to Tolstoy—dilemmas, successes, and failures
5. From universal love to human rights?
6. Persona and svadharma: is duty universalizable or unique to the individual?
7. Hesitations about general rules in morality
8. Moral conscience
9. Restrictions on private property in Gandhi, Christianity, Plato, and the Stoics
10. Isaiah Berlin’s Stoic revolution: depoliticization
11. Gandhi’s philosophical credentials, his lapses, and his distance from other philosophers
Select Bibliography
Index
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