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Distributed for University of British Columbia Press

The Debt of a Nation

Land and the Financing of the Canadian Settler State, 1820–73

Studies the link between national debt and colonialism in Canada.

“You’ve got to speculate to accumulate.” We apply that notion to individuals in pursuit of wealth, but what about countries? The Debt of a Nation is a comprehensive history of Canada’s nineteenth-century public debt. Beginning in the 1820s, loans gave British North American governments access to unprecedented amounts of capital at low interest rates. The credit for such loans was derived from the colonial appropriation of Indigenous territories, so this process essentially created a market value for stolen land.

Angela Tozer explores the role of public debt financing in the consolidation of the settler state, including Upper Canada’s first public debt, issued as securities on the London Stock Exchange; the unique government land tenure of Prince Edward Island and the attendant impact on Mi’kmaw homelands; and the purchase of Rupert’s Land via a loan. This history of the intimate relationship between public debt and colonization underscores the importance of the appropriation of Indigenous lands to global markets.

296 pages | 6 x 9 | © 2025

History: American History

Native American and Indigenous Studies


Reviews

“An original and illuminating contribution to our understanding of settler colonialism as a financial imperative.”

John Reid, professor emeritus of history, Saint Mary’s University

“A stunning achievement. In this much-needed critical examination of public debt, Tozer boldly exposes the debt-financed economism of Indigenous dispossession at the heart of Canadian imperialism.”

Iyko Day, professor of English, Mount Holyoke College, and author of Alien Capital: Asian Racialization and the Logic of Settler Colonial Capitalism

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