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The Library of Ancient Wisdom

Mesopotamia and the Making of the Modern World

A tour of an ancient library transports us to Mesopotamia, introducing us to its people, their ideas, and their humanity.
 
The library of Ashurbanipal, Assyria’s last great king, held an astonishing collection at the forefront of knowledge in its day, from ancient traditions in religion and literature to the latest developments in magic and medicine. When the Assyrian empire fell, the library burned to the ground, and its contents, clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform writing, lay buried for thousands of years until a team of Victorian archaeologists discovered the remnants in modern-day Iraq. The clay had baked and hardened; the very fire that consumed the library had helped its texts to survive for millennia.
 
In The Library of Ancient Wisdom, scholar Selena Wisnom, one of only a few hundred experts able to read cuneiform script today, guides us inside this important collection and, through its contents, brings ancient Mesopotamia and its people to life. Introducing us to Ashurbanipal and his family, scribes, astrologers, physicians, and more, Wisnom explores the library’s tablets and the details they divulge about how these ancient people thought about the world. Like us, they had concerns about job security, jealous rivalries, and profound friendships, and questions about the meaning of life. Wisnom ushers us into a world where magic was commonplace, where the gods spoke to you in dreams, and where the secrets of the universe were revealed through puns—taking us to the heart of what it means to be human.
 
Offering a close look at a major historical landmark as well as a readable account of the world’s earliest civilizations, The Library of Ancient Wisdom lays bare the ideas, hopes, fears, and desires that survive on humble clay.

400 pages | 8 color plates | 6 x 9 | © 2025

Ancient Studies

Archaeology

History: Ancient and Classical History

Middle Eastern Studies

Reviews

“A thrilling trip back to Mesopotamia, birthplace of horoscopes and algorithms.”

The Telegraph

“In this remarkable book, Wisnom takes her readers on a spellbinding tour through one of antiquity’s great monuments to knowledge: the library at Nineveh. As she surveys the clay tablets that were buried in a blaze millennia ago, a lost world of learning and literature comes back to life.”

Sophus Helle, translator of “Gilgamesh: A New Translation of the Ancient Epic”

“Wisnom shows how an ancient library was the motor of the world's most advanced civilization. Her book is a great work of revelatory history, but I was also unexpectedly moved by its measured optimism about the future—for the preservation of the heritage of Mesopotamia, for the ways history rhymes across millennia, and for the library as the heart of any culture worth remembering.”

Emma Smith, author of “Portable Magic: A History of Books and their Reader”

“This thought-provoking and well-written book reveals how Ashurbanipal’s library was used in its heyday by ancient scholars with expertise in religion, magic, witchcraft, astrology, literature, and medicine. Wisnom shows how these Assyrian thinkers perceived their world and made decisions. We are reminded that they shared concerns similar to our own and that their views were not unsophisticated or cynical. Their conclusions and explanations, though different from ours, were well thought out.”

Amanda H. Podany, author of “Weavers, Scribes, and Kings: A New History of the Ancient Near East”

“Few ancient libraries have left any traces. Repeatedly burned down and eventually abandoned, even the famous Library of Alexandria has been lost to posterity. The palaces housing the library of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal at Nineveh were destroyed as well, by Babylonians and Medes in 612 BC. But since the texts collected by the monarch were written on clay, which does not disintegrate, thousands of them have survived in the ground—and have been excavated since the nineteenth century. Highly entertaining and broad in scope and vision, Wisnom’s book brings Ashurbanipal’s library back to life by telling us which text types it included, who the scholars were who wrote them, and why its eccentric royal patron created the library in the first place. And because Ashurbanipal’s tablet collecting was so comprehensive, the book is also a literary and cultural history of ancient Mesopotamia during the first millennium BC.”

Eckart Frahm, author of “Assyria: The Rise and Fall of the World’s First Empire”

“Wisnom makes the past come alive with descriptions of powerful personalities, daily life, and the hopes, fears, and rivalries of Assyrian elites. Her humanizing account takes us on an exciting journey, with stops at the invention of writing, the Mesopotamian school curriculum, the gods and their complicated relationships and powers, the practice and purpose of magic, the causes and treatments of diseases, and the interpretations of omens. We learn about the grand concepts of evil, suffering and justice, as well as precise details about marks on sheep livers and their implications for the outcome of battles.”

Augusta McMahon, author of “Once There Was a Place: Settlement Archaeology at Chagar Bazar 1999–2002”

The Library of Ancient Wisdom is both immensely readable and informative. Focusing on the so-called library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh, the book ranges from how to write on clay tablets using the cuneiform script to the practice of celestial divination and from magic and witchcraft to great literature, including the flood story. Wisnom has presented a fascinating glimpse into ancient Mesopotamia and the world’s earliest empire.”

Grant Frame, coeditor of “The Correspondence of Assurbanipal, Part II: Letters from Southern Babylonia”

“In this book, Wisnom brings the ancient Mesopotamian past to life. She throws open the doors of Ashurbanipal’s library and lets us experience the bustle of activity that took place within its walls. We even get to meet the great king himself! In Wisnom’s book, the past is not distant, dust covered, and disconnected from us but a vibrant world in which we can discover a wealth of ideas and sometimes even recognize parts of ourselves. Wisnom’s narrativizing style does not take away from the solid scholarship underlying this work, which will engage anyone who is interested in learning about cuneiform culture.”

Céline Debourse, author of “Of Priests and Kings: The Babylonian New Year Festival in the Last Age of Cuneiform Culture”

“Wisnom illuminates an extraordinary survival—one of the greatest libraries of the ancient world, but one that was forgotten until the middle of the nineteenth century, when it began to emerge from the earth of central Iraq. Ashurbanipal’s library preserved by accident a wealth of knowledge from the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia—texts which still speak to us today.”

Richard Ovenden, author of “Burning the Books: A History of the Deliberate Destruction of Knowledge”

Table of Contents

General Timeline of Mesopotamian History
Timeline of Events in This Book
Dramatis personae
Maps
List of Illustrations
Preface
Introduction: A World Rediscovered

1. The Scribal Art
2. The Power of the Gods
3. Magic and Witchcraft
4. The Treatment of Disease
5. Reading the Signs
6. Messages in the Stars
7. Literature
8. The Waging of War
9. Lamentation
10. A Day in the Life of Ashurbanipal
Epilogue: The Afterlife of Cuneiform Culture

Bibliographical Essay
A Guide to the Primary Sources
Bibliography
Notes
Acknowledgements
Index

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