The Submerged State
How Invisible Government Policies Undermine American Democracy
The Submerged State
How Invisible Government Policies Undermine American Democracy
“Keep your government hands off my Medicare!” Such comments spotlight a central question animating Suzanne Mettler’s provocative and timely book: why are many Americans unaware of government social benefits and so hostile to them in principle, even though they receive them? The Obama administration has been roundly criticized for its inability to convey how much it has accomplished for ordinary citizens. Mettler argues that this difficulty is not merely a failure of communication; rather it is endemic to the formidable presence of the “submerged state.”
In recent decades, federal policymakers have increasingly shunned the outright disbursing of benefits to individuals and families and favored instead less visible and more indirect incentives and subsidies, from tax breaks to payments for services to private companies. These submerged policies, Mettler shows, obscure the role of government and exaggerate that of the market. As a result, citizens are unaware not only of the benefits they receive, but of the massive advantages given to powerful interests, such as insurance companies and the financial industry. Neither do they realize that the policies of the submerged state shower their largest benefits on the most affluent Americans, exacerbating inequality. Mettler analyzes three Obama reforms—student aid, tax relief, and health care—to reveal the submerged state and its consequences, demonstrating how structurally difficult it is to enact policy reforms and even to obtain public recognition for achieving them. She concludes with recommendations for reform to help make hidden policies more visible and governance more comprehensible to all Americans.
The sad truth is that many American citizens do not know how major social programs work—or even whether they benefit from them. Suzanne Mettler’s important new book will bring government policies back to the surface and encourage citizens to reclaim their voice in the political process.
176 pages | 19 line drawings, 4 tables | 6 x 9 | © 2011
Chicago Studies in American Politics
Political Science: American Government and Politics, Political Behavior and Public Opinion, Public Policy
Reviews
Table of Contents
Introduction: Confronting the Submerged State
1 Governance Unseen
2 The Politics of the Submerged State
3 From Nudge to Reveal
With Matt Guardino
4 Scaling Back the Submerged State: The Victory of Student Aid
5 Sustaining and Expanding the Submerged State: Tax Policy and Health Care Reform
6 Toward Visible and Vibrant Democracy
Appendix
Text and Graphics for Additional Experimental Questions and Treatments