By shifting the study of sexuality to focus on “sexual aim,” we can understand the birth of the sexual subject—the historical emergence of an understanding of sexuality as an aspect of personhood.

Is it possible that half of the organization of modern sexuality has been forgotten? Historians of sexuality have thought about sexual desire almost exclusively in terms of the sexual object—the person to whom one is attracted. This book offers a history and theory of “sexual aim”—the what and how of desire—arguing that aim furnishes a constitutive and almost wholly ignored governing logic of sexuality. 

The term “sexual aim” was coined by Sigmund Freud to describe “modes of gratification”—the sexual acts in which one finds pleasure, from kissing and copulation to voyeurism and fetishism. Benjamin Kahan repurposes this account to tell the complex story of how sexual aim catalyzed the formation of modern sexual identity and continues to operate as a powerful optic for understanding Euro-American sexualities.

Kahan focuses on nonnormative sexual aims, examining the histories of sadism, masochism, voyeurism, exhibitionism, and fetishism in order to articulate the relationship between sexual acts and sexuality. Drawing on diaries, court records, erotica, literary texts, marriage manuals, and medical treatises, Kahan vividly maps the emergence of the sexual subject from the early modern period through the twentieth century to furnish a new account of sexual modernity.